Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Practice Exam

Which type of gasps may occur in the early moments after sudden cardiac arrest?

1. Normal breathing

2. Agonal gasps

3. Hyperventilation

4. Deep breathing

The correct answer is: Agonal gasps

Agonal gasps are a type of abnormal breathing that can occur in the early moments after sudden cardiac arrest. These gasps are characterized by infrequent, shallow, or labored breaths and often appear reflexively as the brain attempts to detect and respond to the lack of oxygen. Agonal gasps typically do not represent effective ventilation or adequate oxygenation, and they can be mistaken for normal breathing if not carefully assessed. Recognition of agonal gasps is crucial for responders because they indicate a critical situation where the individual requires immediate intervention. Unlike normal breathing, which involves regular and coordinated breaths, agonal gasps are disorganized and insufficient, emphasizing the need for prompt initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and activation of emergency medical services. Normal breathing, hyperventilation, and deep breathing differ significantly in their characteristics and implications in the context of cardiac arrest. Normal breathing involves rhythmic and adequate air exchange, while hyperventilation represents rapid and shallow breaths often driven by anxiety or panic. Deep breathing refers to an intentional inhalation and exhalation pattern that is also not indicative of the distress experienced in cardiac arrest scenarios. Understanding these distinctions helps responders act swiftly and effectively during critical moments.