Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Practice Exam

Which condition is identified by a slower heart rate below normal?

1. Normal sinus rhythm

2. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

3. Sinus bradycardia

4. Third degree AV block

The correct answer is: Sinus bradycardia

Sinus bradycardia is characterized by a slower heart rate, defined as a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute. This condition originates in the sinus node, which is the heart's natural pacemaker. In sinus bradycardia, the heart maintains a regular rhythm, but the rate is slower than normal, often due to increased vagal tone, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. Recognizing sinus bradycardia is crucial in emergency settings, as it may be asymptomatic in well-conditioned athletes or it can lead to serious complications if the heart rate drops significantly, potentially resulting in reduced cardiac output and inadequate perfusion. Treatment may be necessary if the bradycardia is symptomatic or severe. Other conditions listed do not specifically denote a slower heart rate below normal. Normal sinus rhythm refers to a heart rate within the accepted range (60-100 bpm) and therefore does not pertain to bradycardia. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia involves a fast heart rate exceeding normal limits (greater than 100 bpm). Third-degree AV block can present with a variable heart rate, but it is often accompanied by significant slowing or complete heart block, rather than qualifying as sinus bradycardia. Thus,