Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Practice Exam

What is the term for a type of heart rhythm that can be present during a cardiac arrest but does not produce effective circulation?

1. Agonal rhythm

2. Pulseless electrical activity

3. Asystole

4. Return of spontaneous circulation

The correct answer is: Pulseless electrical activity

The term for a type of heart rhythm that can be present during a cardiac arrest but does not produce effective circulation is defined as pulseless electrical activity. This condition occurs when there is organized electrical activity on the ECG monitor, but the patient does not have a detectable pulse. This situation signifies that while the heart may still be generating electrical impulses, it is not pumping blood effectively to sustain circulation, leading to a state of cardiac arrest. In clinical practice, pulseless electrical activity can have various underlying causes, including hypovolemia, hypoxia, acidosis, and cardiac tamponade, among others. Recognizing this rhythm is crucial because it indicates the need for immediate intervention despite the appearance of electrical activity; effective compressions and addressing the underlying cause are essential for restoring circulation. Other rhythms and terms mentioned, such as agonal rhythm, indicate a very weak and dying electrical activity, while asystole represents a complete lack of electrical activity instead of organized rhythms. Return of spontaneous circulation describes the successful restoration of effective heart function, which is the ultimate goal of resuscitation efforts. Understanding pulseless electrical activity aids in guiding appropriate treatment protocols during cardiac emergencies.